Basic Provisions
- JavaScript was invented by Brendan Eich in 1995, and became an ECMA standard in 1997.
- ECMAScript is the official name of the language.
- ECMAScript versions have been abbreviated to ES1, ES2, ES3, ES5, and ES6.
- Since 2016 new versions are named by year (ECMAScript 2016 / 2017 / 2018).
ECMAScript Editions
| Ver | Official Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ES1 | ECMAScript 1 (1997) | First edition |
| ES2 | ECMAScript 2 (1998) | Editorial changes |
| ES3 | ECMAScript 3 (1999) | Added regular expressions Added try/catch Added switch Added do-while |
| ES4 | ECMAScript 4 | Never released |
| ES5 | ECMAScript 5 (2009) | Added «strict mode» Added JSON support Added String.trim() Added Array.isArray() Added Array iteration methods Allows trailing commas for object literals |
| ES6 | ECMAScript 2015 | Added let and const Added default parameter values Added Array.find() Added Array.findIndex() |
| ES2016 | ECMAScript 2016 | Added exponential operator (**) Added Array.includes() |
| ES2017 | ECMAScript 2017 | Added string padding Added Object.entries() Added Object.values() Added async functions Added shared memory |
| ES2018 | ECMAScript 2018 | Added rest / spread properties Added asynchronous iteration Added Promise.finally() Additions to RegExp |
| ES2019 | ECMAScript 2019 | |
| ES2020 | ECMAScript 2020 | |
| ES2021 | ECMAScript 2021 |
